when in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to disso
lve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume am
ong the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of
 nature and of natures god entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of man
kind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separa
tion.we hold these truths to be selfevident, that all men are created equal, tha
t they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among 
these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.that to secure these rights
, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the cons
ent of the governed, that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of
 these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to ins
titute new government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing i
ts powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety
 and happiness. prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long established
 should not be changed for light and transient causes and accordingly all experi
ence hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are suffe
rable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accust
omed. but when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the s
ame object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their
 right, it is their duty, to throw off such government, and to provide new guard
s for their future security.such has been the patient sufferance of these coloni
es and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former sys
tems of government. the history of the present king of great britain is a histor
y of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establis
hment of an absolute tyranny over these states. to prove this, let facts be subm
itted to a candid world.he has refused his assent to laws, the most wholesome an
d necessary for the public good.he has forbidden his governors to pass laws of i
mmediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his a
ssent should be obtained and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to atte
nd to them.he has refused to pass other laws for the accommodation of large dist
ricts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of representatio
n in the legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only
. he has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, an
d distant from the depository of their public records, for the sole purpose of f
atiguing them into compliance with his measures. he has dissolved representative
 houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights
 of the people.he has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause
 others to be elected whereby the legislative powers, incapable of annihilation,
 have returned to the people at large for their exercise the state remaining in 
the mean time exposed to all the dangers of invasion from